We report the design and one-pot synthesis of Ag-doped BiVO₄ embedded in reduced graphene oxide (BiVO₄:Ag/rGO) nanocomposites via a hydrothermal processing route. The binary heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited high efficiency for visible light degradation of model dyes and were correspondingly used for the preparation of photocatalytic membranes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified polyimide (PI), respectively. The surface and cross-section images combined with elemental mapping illustrated the effective distribution of the nanocomposites within the polymeric membranes. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 61% and 70% were achieved after 5 h of visible light irradiation using BiVO₄:Ag/rGO@PVDF and BiVO₄:Ag/rGO@PI (PEG-modified) systems, respectively. The beneficial photocatalytic performance of the BiVO₄:Ag/rGO@PI (PEG-modified) membrane is explained by the higher hydrophilicity due to the PEG modification of the PI membrane. This work may provide a rational and effective strategy to fabricate highly efficient photocatalytic nanocomposite membranes with well-contacted interfaces for environmental purification.